12/26/2023 0 Comments Metal ion reactivity series![]() ![]() ![]() The most reactive metals, such as sodium, will react with cold water to produce hydrogen and the metal hydroxide:Ģ Na (s) + 2 H 2O (l) →2 NaOH (aq) + H 2 (g) There is no unique and fully consistent way to define the reactivity series, but it is common to use the three types of reaction listed below, many of which can be performed in a high-school laboratory (at least as demonstrations). become stronger reducing agents ( electron donors).require more energy (and different methods) to be isolated from their compounds.lose electrons ( oxidize) more readily to form positive ions.Going from the bottom to the top of the table the metals: May react with some strong oxidizing acids Reacts with acids very poor reaction with steam Or less commonly other alkali metals, hydrogen or calcium in the Kroll process Pyrometallurgical extraction using magnesium, In boiling water, and very vigorously with acids Reacts very slowly with cold water, but rapidly It is used to summarize information about the reactions of metals with acids and water, single displacement reactions and the extraction of metals from their ores. In chemistry, a reactivity series (or activity series) is an empirical, calculated, and structurally analytical progression of a series of metals, arranged by their "reactivity" from highest to lowest. * Some caveats: for example, aluminium will react slowly with water, if the thin aluminium oxide layer that prevents it from reacting is damaged.Not to be confused with Electrochemical series. * This graphic doesn’t contain every metal in the periodic table. Majority of metals occur naturally in compounds, which we must remove them from. Some metals are so unreactive they occur largely uncombined with other elements, simple to obtain. This is because they can react with the compounds in metal ores, and displace the metals, aiding with their extraction. Carbon and hydrogen are also shoehorned in between entries in the list, despite being non-metals. Copper sulfate + zinc → zinc sulfate + copper Magnesium sulfate + zinc → NO REACTION The reactivity series also gives us an insight into why different metals are extracted from their ores in different ways. Conversely, if we react a metal with another metal lower in the series, no reaction will take place. ![]() The more reactive metal will take the place of the less reactive metal in the compound. If a metal compound reacts with a metal that’s above it in the reactivity series, a displacement reaction will occur. Uses of this: * predict the outcome of certain chemical reactions. Transition metals are much less reactive Gold and platinum have little in the way of chemical reaction. Closely followed by the marginally less reactive group 2 metals. Metals have a range of reactivities: Videos: the classic alkali metals in water demonstration The reactivity series offers a ranking of the metals in order of their reactivity. The text below has been excerpted from Compound Chemistry Student handout: Reactivity Series of Metals (PDF) This graphic places a selection of common metals into order of reactivity, as well as showing their reactions with air, water and steam. ![]()
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